The Traditional Queenslander Home
To some people, Queensland’s distinctive timber and tin homes gave Brisbane, and other Queensland cities and towns, a particular temporary, insubstantial air. Known as ’Queenslanders’, they seemed so much less solid and permanent than houses of brick or stone. Many Queensland houses were placed high in the air on tall stumps, as the supporting pillars were always called, and it was fancied they seemed likely to simply fly away.
The Queensland home was comparatively inexpensive when trees were plentiful, easy to move from place to place, and, in a relatively calm climate, single skin, unlined walls were all that were thought to be required to protect dwellers~people~the dwellers within} from cold. Strong corrugated iron roofs withstood torrential tropical rain and was re-usable if dislodged by cyclonic winds.
The verandahs sheltered people from burning sun and caught any breeze that may have been passing in the steamy summer. Covers over window openings meant that windows did not have to be closed when humidity brought rain. Cleverly placed little revolving tin cylinders on the roofs pulled out hot air that had been drawn into ceiling spaces through decorative fretwork openings.
Although timber isn’t a particularly effective insulator against either heat or cold, air was able to flow down long central hallways in a typical Queensland house and also across the house from an open window on one side through open doors to the open window on the opposite side. Some exteriors were painted, others were simply oiled. Some verandahs were built with elaborate and expensive iron lace; others simply with timber frames and carved timber decoration in pediments over front stairs.
Despite the impression of seeming impermanence, the Queenslander has survived since its first appearance in the mid-nineteenth century. However, it has evolved. The simple two-room or four-room cottage has given way to large, sprawling dwellings. The pattern of the Queenslander house can be translated into the early forms of kit-set homes.
Many were created by companies in Brisbane and transported long distances as flat-packs on trains. Collections of verandahs, tongue and groove boards for walls and sheets of corrugated iron for roofs were available at the destination for assembly. The public housing movement that produced workers cottages adapted the basic materials to varying shapes and sizes suitable for lower-cost housing.
After the war, the Queenslander seemed out of date in a world of modem architecture. Brick houses, American ranch style residences and other imported styles began to populate new suburbs. However, Brisbane is a hilly city and even modem designs often adapted the idea of stumps so that houses could be close to the ground near the top of a rising allotment and high where the ground sloped away. In the late twentieth century, the old materials, tin and timber, were given new currency by innovative architects to create distinctly modem, light and airy Queensland homes.
In the 1970s and 1980s, when a drift back to the inner suburbs attracted a new generation, old Queenslanders were discovered by younger owners. They painted them lovingly and added various renovations to bring an old favourite into the modem era.
However they originated, whether from sugar planters houses in the West Indies, bungalows in India or high houses in Malaysia, the Queenslander still distinguishes Brisbane from other Australian capital cities.
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Sphere: Related ContentRGB verses CMYK Colours
To colour print your digital files, you have to supply the graphics and image in the optimum colour mode. Many software programs let you to work on RGB colour mode or CMYK colour mode. RGB colours or Red-Green-Blue colours are familiarly known as the primary colours of the light. This colour combination is represented on your t.v. or computer monitors. Digital cameras and scanners also make pictures with Red-Green-Blue colour combinations. Red-Green-Blue colour mode ought to be used when taking photos that are to be seen on the monitor, emails or CD.
All colours of the light spectrum are formed from the primary colours, but monitors can display only a limited colour range from the visible spectrum. Light is emitted by the monitors, and the ink recognises only a particular wavelength of colours. The three primary colours are combined together to produce white. If the three primary colours are absent, then the light will show as black. By combining a variety of intensities of RGB colours, each combination results in various colours. A monitor of a tv or a computer is made up of small units known as pixels. Each pixel contains three units of light, and each unit represents red, green and blue.
You can’t see individual pixels with the naked eye as they are too tiny. But every pixel is made by applying proper values of RGB, as without the proper values of the colour units, you will not see any image displayed on the monitor. The values of RGB colours are calculated mainly by three methods. The first method is to set them using different numeric values. The numeric values used for this purpose are the values from 0 to 255, and this is the best method of the three.
The second method is by using hexadecimal notations. This method is mainly used for HTML and other languages of the computer. These notations follow a logical pattern. The hexadecimal notation consists of six characters, and these characters are divided into three. The first pair represents the red, the second pair green and the third pair as blue. Each pair is represented by a hexadecimal number (0-9) and the letters (A-F). The third method is the percentage in which a certain percentage represents each colour. The program translates these percentages into suitable values ranges from 0-255.
CMYK colours or Cyan-Magenta-Yellow colours are subtractive colours, whereas RGB colours are additive colours. Additive colours refer to light, whereas subtractive colours refer to inks, paint or pigment. CMYK mode is used for printing as all kind of printers are using subtractive colours to result in a variety of colours. When three additive colours are combined, the combination will produce white colour. But when three subtractive colours are combined, the combination produces black colour. This difference results in a wide diversity between the resulting print and the onscreen display. Additive colour projects light from the monitor, and if more light is projected from an independent pixel, it will be closer to the pure light. In the case of printer inks, they will absorb light and reflects only the wavelengths of light that is linked with the colour of the ink.
The inks of the printer take away the non-essential wavelengths from the light that falls on the ink. The remaining light will return to our eyes, resulting in the impression of a variety of colours. If you are combining more colours, then more light will be absorbed by the ink and a lesser amount of light will be reflected to the eye, and that results in darker colour. Black ink produced by the CMYK colours isn’t the deep black. So you must add black ink to produce the best results for printing true black. To get a stronger shade of any colour, you need to add black in CMYK mode.
And what about the lighter shade of colours? As white ink cannot be created using CMYK colours, you need to work with the hypothesis that you are printing colour onto white paper. Since tiny dots of ink are used to print images the inks are used in lower percentage to receive lighter shades so that more white colour is seen among the dots. The values of CMYK colours are calculated using four different percentages. The values of each percentage should be between 0 and 100 so that the total percentage of the ink values can be up to 400%. But when the total percentage does reach 400%, the ink takes more time to dry. And so, the total percentage of the ink should not be more than 300% in CMYK mode.
Both of the colour modes have limitations. The images created using RGB mode can’t be converted smoothly into CMYK mode due to the brightness of RGB colours. Similarly, CMYK colours can’t be translated into RGB mode as the sharp look of RGB colours is missing in CMYK mode online. This is the reason why RGB colours are used in monitors and CMYK colours are used in printers.
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